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本帖最后由 icecricketv 于 2013-11-6 20:48 编辑
吐血翻译，有不对的请多包涵
Before reading: There are many ways in which we interpret football. Some people believe that a team should always employ the same tactic, no matter the opposition, conditions, and match situation. Others believe that a tactical approach should be altered to take into account absolutely everything, giving instructions to play the ball more direct in wet weather, specific marking oppositional threats, changing formation in relation to the opposition's strengths and weaknesses, etc, etc. FM allows both playing styles, and all those in between, to achieve. The below advice is only intended to help people through the basics, after which their own preferred playing styles should begin to shine through. For those who followed my FM13 thread, very little of this will be new, although I have added depth here and there. Hopefully it refreshes your memory a little at the very least. For those reading this for the first time, I hope it stimulates the grey matter and helps with your enjoyment of FM14.
前言：相信每个屌丝对足球的理解都不同，有些认为一个球队不该考虑对手是谁、条件如何、比赛形势等，只需要固定使用同一套战术就哦了；也有的认为战术方法应该把所有的变化都考虑进去，比如，当下雨的时候要多打直长传，对对方的危险球员进行针对性设置，根据对手的优缺点改变阵型设置等。在FM里，不管是第一种观点、第二种观点，还是处于二者中间的战术方式都可以得到实现。以下建议只是想给众屌提供一些基础性帮助，以助你实现自己喜好的踢球方式。对于看过我写的FM13帖子的基友们，本文只是在某些方面说的更详细一些，并没有太大变化。对于第一次看哥帖子的，希望能激发你的大条，带你享受FM14的快感。
The Twelve Step Guide
葵花宝典
1: Understand the core strategic concepts:
1.理解核心战术观念
Philosophies/Styles: The philosophies/styles are mentality and creative freedom structures. They range from being very structured with low creative freedom, to being very unstructured with lots of creative freedom. A useful interpretation would be as follows:
理念/风格：理念/风格主要是对于心态和自由度的设定。该项设定覆盖了从非常严格的低自由度到极其写意的高自由度。正确的理解如下：
Very Rigid: Each player is given a specific job and is supposed to stick to it (usually 5+ different jobs across a team)
Rigid: Players are assigned a responsibility that contributes to a specific element of play (Defence, defence & transition, transition & attack, attack)
Balanced: Players focus on their duty (Defend, Support, Attack)
Fluid: Players are given instructions to focus on defence or attack
Very Fluid: Players contribute to all aspects of play
非常严格：每个球员都有自己特定的职责，并且需要严格执行。（心态设置非常细致：球队要设置5+个不同的心态）
严格：指派球员完成特定的比赛属性（设定为4种心态：防守、防守&转换、转换&进攻、进攻）
平衡：球员关注自己的职责（3种心态：防守、策应、进攻）
自由：球员被分成进攻球员和防守球员（2种心态：防守、进攻）
非常自由：球员要负责所有职责（所有职责就是没有职责，什么都要干）
PS:个人理解应该是这个意思：“非常严格”的时候要给每个人都有特别详细的分工（文中用5+概括，没有具体说明），“严格”可以设定4种分工…“非常自由”要负责所有，也就是说对球员心态的设置逐级模糊化、宽泛化，最后的“非常自由”要负责所有工作。
As you can see, each step reduces the level of specialisation. At Very Rigid, you have five plus different jobs, Rigid four responsibilities, Balanced three duties, Fluid two focuses, Very Fluid one method. In Very Rigid philosophies, you expect players to stick to their job description, so can assign multiple specialist roles. In Very Fluid philosophies, you expect everybody to do a bit of everything, which means specialist roles are redundant.
如上所述，心态的设置逐级减少了对职责的限制。“非常严格”模式下，你可以设定5+种不同的职责，“严格”4种…“非常自由”1种。在“非常严格”的设定下，你希望球员们严格按照JD（岗位说明）踢球，因此可以设定更多的专属角色。“非常自由”模式下，你希望每个人都要去做所有的事情，因此“专属角色”的设定会被减弱（你TMD把哥设定成抢点型前锋，还要哥跑回自己半场防守，耍哥玩呢？）。
I consider the following to be specialist roles:
我把以下类型划定为“专属角色”（也就是说不该在“非常自由”模式下设定以下角色）：
Target Man
Poacher
False 9
Flank Target Man
Trequartista
Enganche
Advanced Playmaker
Deep Lying Playmaker
Regista
Ball Winning Midfielder
Anchor Man
Libero
These four roles can fit in either camp, depending on your interpretation.
以下4种角色（明明是7个好吗，xx的外国人不识数咩？）为“凑合型角色”（也就是说在每种模式下都能凑合用，完全按你自己的理解）。
Complete Forward
Defensive Forward
Shadow Striker
Defensive Winger
Box to Box Midfielder
Complete Wing Back
Ball Playing Defender
I consider the following to be generic roles:
剩下的归为“通用角色”（就是说能适应全攻全守的“非常自由”模式）：
Advanced Forward
Deep Lying Forward
Attacking Midfielder
Inside Forward
Winger
Central Midfielder
Wide Midfielder
Defensive Midfielder
Half Back
Wing Back
Full Back
Limited Full Back
Central Defender
Limited Defender
Sweeper
I don't include keepers, although you might want to regard a sweeper keeper as specialist.
本帅没给守门员分类，虽然尔等屌丝可能会认为“清道夫门将”也应该属于“专属角色”。
I generally suggest the following as a good rule of thumb (consider the either/or roles as 0.5):
哥觉得下边这种方法不错：（“专属”按1算，“凑合型”按0.5算，“通用”按0算）
Very Rigid: 4-5 specialist roles
Rigid: 3-4 specialist roles
Standard: 2-3 specialist roles
Fluid: 1-2 specialist roles
Very Fluid: 0-1 specialist roles
非常严格：4—5
严格：3-4
平衡：2-3
自由：1-2
非常自由：0-1
Please note that these are my interpretations and not hard, fast rules. If you disagree and/or want to be more creative, fire away.
请注意，这只是我个人（指作者，非本尊）的理解，并非绝对真理，如果你不同意我说的……你TMD来打我啊！
2: Adapt the roles to the player. You will find that many roles do not perfectly fit a player's strengths and weaknesses. Use the individual instructions to fine tune that player's skills to the role requirements. If you find you are fine tuning everything, it might be that you don't actually want the player to be performing that role at all and another one will be far more suited to his skill set. Don't blindly trust your Assistant!! Have a look and see. As player roles stick to the player, you can have one AMR set to an W/A role/duty, but another player with a skill set more attuned to creative passing set to a AP/S. You are no longer stuck to having the same roles active for all players without making lots of fiddly changes.
2：要给球员合适的角色。你可能会发现许多角色并不是完全的符合球员特点。这时候可以根据球员的特点，用“球员设定”来对球员的职责进行微调。但是如果你发现你用了太多的微调，那就可能说明你并不是打算让他踢目前这个角色，换成另外一个角色会更加合适。千万别轻易相信你的好基友（助理教练）！因为要根据球员的能力来设定角色，所以你可以把AMR设定为“边锋（进攻）”，也可以把一个传球好的AMR设定为传威胁球的“前场组织核心（策应）”。总之，要根据每个球员的特点细化个人设定。
3: Become aware that the strategy names are more plastic than they seem. The defensive strategy still attacks on the counter, whereas the attacking strategy can still be defensively solid. Bar the two extremes (Contain and Overload), each strategy is both defensive and attacking. A good rule of thumb is that if you want to play with a lot of deep midfielders and a short passing game, choose a less attacking strategy, whereas if you want to have high, effective wingers and a direct style, choose a more attacking strategy.
3：要注意战术的名字也有欺骗性。防守战略仍会有反击的时候，进攻战略也可以有坚固的防守。除了纯进攻和纯防守外，每种战术既有进攻性也有防守性。好的做法是：如果你想打短传控球，就把进攻调少一些，如果你想更多的直传找高效边锋，把进攻调高。
4: Focus on roles and duties and their combinations. Make sure you have one Attack duty in defence, generally but not absolutely necessarily combined with one Support Duty (note, this includes the deepest wide players in your formation if you are not using the Full Back positions), one Attack Duty and one Defend Duty in midfield, and one Support Duty (or TQ or F9) in attack. This type of structure encourages movement between the lines, which is absolutely vital for a dynamic tactic that creates multiple chance types. It also ensures a tight defensive system in which the team defends en bloc, rather than in disconnected lines. If you play a lone FC formation, ensure he drops deep by giving him a support duty, a TQ or F9 role, as other roles run the risk of isolating him, resulting in his failure to contribute to play and relying on scraps and half chances. The exception is when playing an AMC directly behind him. In such formations, you might want your forward to stay high and range across the line to create space for the AMC to move into, so an AF/A or CF/A role/duty might be a better option. Make sure you have at least one no-nonsense midfielder role to break up play and provide a solid base for possession. If you want to use a playmaker, think about whether he'll be in the best position to hurt players, or will your approach see him isolated or marked out of the game. If you want to use a target man, consider whether his flick ons and knock downs will be easily picked up by a teammate.
4. 注意“角色”（抢点前锋、突前前锋等）、“心态”（进攻、防守、策应）以及二者的结合。保证你的防线中有一名“进攻”心态球员，通常但是也不是一定必要（读着不顺也没办法，就是这个意思，洋人们最爱用这种方式）的搭配一个“策应”心态的球员（注意：如果没设置DL/DR，那么阵型中最靠后的边路球员也算防线中的一员，例如352的两个WB）；中场搭配：一个“进攻”心态+一个“防守”心态；进攻中设定一个“策应”的角色（或者设定为九号半或者False9）.这种搭配能够激活几条线间的策应，对于踢出动态的、能创造出更多机会的足球非常重要。也能够在全队进行防守时保持防线的紧凑性，不会造成几条线的脱节。如果你打单前锋，你要给他设定为“策应”心态（或者设定为九号半、False9的角色）以保证让他能够做到纵深穿插，否则，你很可能面临单前锋被孤立，导致他对于进攻毫无帮助，只能依靠捡漏或者血拼5-5开的机会。当然也有例外，就是在他身后放一个AMC（随时准备对其爆菊吗？）。这种阵型下，你可能希望你的单前锋站在高位或者通过来回跑动来给AMC的插入创造空间，这时候突前前锋（进攻）、全能前锋（进攻）都是不错的选择。保证你阵中至少有一名干净利落的中场能够抢断，从而能为控球提供坚实的基础。如果你想用组织核心，考虑一下他能否出现在最佳位置给对手致命一击，否则你就等着他被孤立并消失在比赛中吧。如果你想设置一名进攻核心，你要考虑他抢下第一点后是否有队友对其进行接应。
5: Look at the team comparison page to determine how strong / weak your team is to the divisional average. Consider using the tactical adjustments to take advantage of / cover for this (e.g. if you have a very slow or lazy team, stand off more, whereas if they are quick and hard-working, press more). Although this will become less and less important as you shape your squad to a preferred style, the advantages gained from understanding how your team shapes up against divisional rivals could be vital when taking over a new club.
5. 查看球队对比页面，以判断你的球队与联赛平均水平相比的优势和弱点。考虑用战术设定来强化你的优势、弥补你的弱势（例如：如果你带的是一个速度慢，精神懒的球队，那么就要多回收；如果你的队员速度快，工作投入高，就要对对手进行压迫）。虽然随着你逐步塑造出自己喜欢的球队（个人理解：球队越来越成熟，人员搭配越来越合理，逐步打造出自己喜欢风格的球队后），这种设定的重要性越来越弱，但是，当你接手一只新球队时，根据联赛对手设定自己球队带来的好处是不可估量的。
6: Use the team instructions to develop and save a favoured playing style, which should also suit your team strengths / weaknesses. For example, a highly technical team can sit deep and counter at pace, so using retain possession, pass into space, run at defence with a counter strategy may be worthwhile. A less technical but more physical team might want to impose themselves in a different way, so consider using more direct passing, hit early crosses, get stuck in with an attack strategy. There are all kind of possible ways to shape a playing style. At times you'll have a good enough squad to pick a style of your choosing, at times a style might be forced upon you. You might want to change styles on a match by match basis. There's no hard and fast rule. Just try to be logical in your combinations. Examples of different defensive styles can be found here. Examples of different attacking styles can be found here (deep possession and rapier countering a la Barcelona) and here (British fast-paced, direct winger attacks). Both are for earlier versions of FM, but should still be highly relevant to FM14. If you wish to partake in an FM14 thread about developing a playing style, then this thread on Arsenal is a fantastic place to start.
6：用“球队战术”设定并保存一个自己喜欢的战术风格，但要注意该战术要与球队的强弱点相匹配。例如，一只技术型球队可以回收阵型然后快速反击，因此要使用保持控球、多传空当、通过盘带撕开对方防线的反击战术。一只技术较差但身体强壮的球队则完全不同，可以考虑使用更多的直长传，尽早传中，全力拼抢的进攻战术。塑造战术风格可以有各种各样的方法。有时你可能拥有一套足够好的阵容来满足你选择的战术风格，有时你所拥有的一群屌丝只能让你被动选择某种固定的战术风格。你也可能想在同一场比赛中改变战术风格。这些都没有绝对的真理。你要做的只是去有逻辑性的把他们组合起来。可以有各种不同的防守策略。也可以有各种不同的进攻策略（可以像巴萨一样保持控球，然后给予快速一击；也可以像英式踢法那样保持快节奏，直接寻求边路突破）。这些战术在以前版本的FM中都可以应用，在FM14中也不例外。如果你想开贴讨论FM14的战术，用阿森纳是一个很好的选择（好吧，哥承认，没看懂这句话）。
7: Before each match, consider looking at the weather conditions and the opposing team's formation to determine your match strategy. It can be very difficult to counter attack on a heavy, chewed up pitch, so you might have to abandon your preferred style and play an uglier game. You might want to expose an opponents lone wide player formation and exploit the flanks or look for overlap. You might be happy with your starting system. Although it's ultimately up to you how much you wish to adapt things in such circumstances, be aware that a lack of flexibility can sometimes be costly.
7；每场比赛之前，都要注意观察天气情况和对手的阵型来决定你自己的战术选择。在一个如菜地般的球场上很难踢出漂亮的防守反击，因此你也许要放弃自己喜欢的战术风格转而采取一种丑陋务实的战术方法。你可以选择使用两翼齐飞或者轮流插上的战术，这对你非常有利。虽然最终由你自己决定到底在多大程度上根据环境变化做出战术改变，但请注意，缺少灵活性有时会让你付出很大的代价。
8: Look at the opposing team formation or player condition / skills and consider using OIs to counter them. You could use OIs to counter dangerous players or stop crosses coming in, or to target unfit, slow or cowardly players. Be wary of setting too many OIs as that can harm your team's overall structure.
8：要注意观察对手的阵型和球员的状态/技术，并用针对性设置来遏制他们的发挥。你可以采取针对性设置来压制对方的威胁球员，或者掐断传中路线，或者专找那些身体不适、速度慢、胆小懦弱的球员搞死他们。但是要注意，如果设置太多的针对性设置，会导致你球队的整体框架受到影响。
9: Play the match dynamically. During the game, don't be afraid to change things up through shouts and strategies if things are not working. Do it logically rather than willy nilly though. For example, assuming going more attacking equals more goals might be a bad move, especially if the opposition is sitting deep and packing the final third with defensive players. If you see such a pattern, you might find that sitting deeper and countering will produce more chances than becoming more aggressive, as it will pull the opposition out a bit more. Once you've scored, decide whether you want to push for more goals or hang onto a lead and change things / keep things the same based on that decision. Over time, you'll learn to trust your in-match decisions and develop a system that works for you. You'll know what to change, when to change and when to trust your team to just get on with it.
9：动态的去踢比赛。在比赛中，如果战术没有达到预想效果，要勇于使用喊话和战术调整来进行改变。要冷静理智的选择战术变化，千万别犹豫不决。例如，认为高举进攻大旗就等于能进更多的球就是一种大错特错的想法，特别是当对手龟缩防守，在自己30米区域内囤积了大量的防守球员时更是如此。遇到这种情况，适当把阵型回收并采取反击策略会更加有效，因为这样会把对方的阵型拉出来一些，从而给你创造进攻的空间。一旦你进球领先了，你要决定是继续猛攻扩大战果还是保住胜局，并根据上述决定改变战术或者继续沿用当前战术。随着时间的推移，你会慢慢对自己在比赛中的战术决断更有信心，并培养出一种非常有效的临场指挥套路。你会知道何时采取变化，怎么变化，何时该相信自己的球队继续保持当前战术。
10: Realise that team talks are contextual. They do not relate to the scoreline, rather how expected the scoreline is versus the quality / reputation of the opposition and the football you actually played. Sometimes you can be delighted at 0-0, at other times, if you've scraped a 2-0 lead with very few chances against a poor team, warning the team against complacency is required. React to what you think should have happened, not the scoreline. It's worth noting that although team talks and media interactions generally do not have a huge influence on how a match plays out, they can do. Sometimes a good motivational strategy will result in a player having the game of his life, and vice versa. Consequently, it can be worthwhile carefully considering your motivational strategy before key games, as it might make a subtle but vital difference during squeaky bum time.
10：注意球队训话是前后关联的。他不取决于当前比分如何，而是取决于根据对手强弱/声望以及你实际上正在踢的方式，当前比分应该是多少。有时你可能对于0比0就特别满意了，有时候，虽然你2比0领先，但对手却是一个很弱的球队且你自己没有创造出太多机会的时候，就需要警告球员们别自满。总而言之，根据你认为的“应该怎么样”来进行训话，而不是根据当时的实时比分。值得注意的是，虽然球队训话和新闻发布会通常不会对一场比赛的运行产生巨大影响，但是冥冥之中自会发挥它的作用（不是不报，时候未到）。有时一次好的激励策略会让球员在场上为你去拼命，反之亦然。因此，在重大比赛前谨慎的制定激励策略是非常重要的，因为他会在关键时刻给你带来非常微妙但却十分致命的区别。
11: Never stop learning. I worked out why my pass into space strategy wasn't working when I employed an attacking strategy. Watching through the match after a dour 0-0, it became obvious to me that everyone was rushing so far forward that my main deep creators were my BWM and FB/S. Not ideal. However, with a less aggressive strategy, my main deep creators were my AP and W/S, which was what I wanted. Hence, I abandoned the attacking strategy and played on the counter as a standard approach, changing my roles and shouts if I ever decided to play more aggressively (usually because of the weather / pitch conditions). If things aren't working as expected, there are always clues in the game if you watch closely enough.
11：学无止境！我发现当我采取进攻策略时，我设定的多传空当战术是无效的。在观看了一场枯燥的0比0比赛之后，我发现每个人都冲到了最前面，却把组织进攻的职责交给了抢球型中场（BWM）和边后卫（策应）（FB/S），这不是我想看到的。因此，我放弃了进攻策略，把防守反击作为常规战术，仅仅在需要的时候（通常是因为天气、场地条件）再通过战术变更和喊话来加强攻击性。当事情没有按照预想来发展时，如果你对比赛观察的足够仔细，那么一定能找到解决的办法。
12: Finally, if you get stuck and frustrated come to visit the tactics forum and explain your problem. As long as you are clear and detailed, then it is very unusual for us not to be able to help.
12：最后，如果你还是被xx了而且觉得很苦闷，请来战术板讲讲你的遭遇，只要你讲的够细致够清楚，哥宇宙般的统治力定能助你xx灿烂绽放。
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楼主: spanisheyes
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发表于 2013-11-6 16:54
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