足球战略笔记

kpsia118

Counter- or Gegenpressing

这篇文章提到多种“前场高位疯抢”战术的分别。

Heynckes，海因克斯模式：



Klopp，克洛普模式



Guardiola，瓜帅模式：



克洛普，看来类似群狗疯抢战术。
海因克斯，属于人盯人。
瓜帅，是切断传球路线。

另一个70年代的主帅Adi Hütter，也玩这种战术。


但这位主帅，的套路是“不顾失去位置、不顾失去阵型结构”，只管速度、侵略性。看起来脆弱和简单

齐天大圣闹天宫

感谢楼主分享！！多谢！

kpsia118

抄自官网：

I got asking this earlier and replied to someone else in a DM. It kind of fits your issues here and possibly the way you think about things. So to give you an idea;

I see this question asked an awful lot;

Why does my winger not pass the ball and cross like he should? Or why doesn’t he pick out my striker in the box?

So what it boils down to is, why doesn't the winger do what he should be doing?

It could be a number of reasons why this happens really, BUT the most common issues would be;

• You use the wrong role
• Lack of support
• No-one in the box to cross too
• Being forced into making a quick decision
• The winger being too advanced up the pitch
  

Wrong role

The bread and butter of the winger role is him taking people on and crossing. Those are the two main factors of a winger's job. A lot of people use a winger but then expect him to do something he doesn’t really do. So if you don’t want him staying out wide majority of the time, attempting to beat his marker and putting crosses into the box then this is not the role you want.

Lack of Support

If the player has a lack of support then realistically his options are limited. This then means the winger needs passing options that are either alongside of him or in front of him, if he doesn’t have this then his crosses could be a bit erratic.  So what you need to do is pause the game when the winger first receives the ball and have a look around at what kind of area he picked the ball up in and to see what your players around him are doing. Then watch the move and see what he does with the ball, again pausing it and looking around just before he releases it. This will tell you everything you need to know about what type of supply he is doing and who to.

Lack of Crossing Options

This is one issue that I must see ten times a day. I see people create tactics that utilises wingers then use striker roles that focus on the player not playing in the box. I’m not saying strikers who drop back never get into the box but you need to realise than if a striker is dropping deep then he’s moving away from the box. The same can also be said if he is starting in a deeper position due to being on a defensive or supportive role, he might not be able to keep up with play and get into the box. So it’s worth looking out for this. It might also be worth noting that you need several bodies in and around the box to make use of crosses, if not, then the opposition can easily defend against one person in the box nine times out of ten due to the numbers advantage they have.

Being Forced Into Making a Quick Decision

If a player is being closed down heavily or forced into a blind alley then they’ll always struggle and it’s not uncommon to see them make a bad decision. Instead of taking their man on you might see them attempt a pass or even a cross from deep. So if you think the winger isn’t doing what he should be then go into the analysis tab and look back at one of the games he struggled in and have a look at what he is doing when he gets the ball and what the opposition are making him do.

Being Advanced

Player positioning is everything, so if he is high up the pitch then this relies on someone getting the ball to him, to stop him becoming isolated. The higher he is the less likely he can influence the game by running at people and putting crosses into the box as it can make him way ahead of everyone else. This can actually be an issue for fast players when they run with the ball if the players in the supporting roles are slower than him. They can struggle to keep up with him or they struggle to get in and around the box. So keep an eye out for were he is positioned on the pitch and ask yourself if he is too advanced? If so try using a support roles. If he’s not high enough then use an attacking one. But also be aware that it’s also the players around him you need to keep an eye and make sure they are linking up exactly how you expect them too.

大概翻译：

看到这个问题非常多，

为什么我的边锋不传他本来应该传的球？或者为什么他没有传给禁区里的前锋呢？

那么，为什么边锋不做他应该做的事呢？


这可能是多种原因造成的，但最常见的问题是，

• 你使用错误的角色
• 缺乏支持
• 禁区里无人可传
• 被迫做出一个快速的决定
• 边锋站位太高了
  

使用错误的角色


边锋的主要工作就是“过人及传中”。
许多人使用边锋，但是期望他做一些本来就不是他该干的事情。
所以如果你不想让他在绝大多数时间呆在边路外围，然后过人及传中，那么这就不是你想要的角色。


缺乏支持

如果边锋缺乏支持，那么他的传球选择是有限的。这就是说边锋的身旁或前方，必须要有可得传球的目标选项。如果他没有这样的话，那么他的传中可能会有点不稳定。
所以你需要做的是暂停比赛，当边锋第一次接到球时，看看他拿起球的地方，看看你周围的球员在做什么。然后看着这个动作，看看他在拿球的时候做了些什么，再次停下来，在他放球之前环视四周。这将告诉你一切你需要知道他正在做什么类型的供应和谁。


缺少传中选项

这是我一天要看十次的问题。我看到人们创造边锋战术，然后前锋却选注重于禁区之外的角色。我并不是说殿后的前锋永远不会进入禁区，但是你需要意识到，如果一个前锋正在下沉，那么他正在离开禁区。由于他负责防守或支持性的角色而处于更深层次的位置，那他可能在那一刹那无法跟上节奏进入盒子。所以这是值得注意的。值得注意的是，你需要在禁区里面和周围有更多支援。如果没有，由于AI禁区有人数优势，这样AI就可以很容易地防御你的落单前锋。


被迫做出快速决定

如果一名球员被严重压迫或者被迫进入一个死胡同，那么他们总是会踢得很痛苦挣扎，这样看到他们做出错误的决定，并不罕见。这可能是试图过人，或传球、甚至45°传中。
所以如果你觉得边锋不是在做他应该做的事情，那么进入分析选项，回头看看他所面对的一场比赛，看看他在接球时的表现，以及对手是使用什么手段让他做到。


站位太前

球员的位置就是一切，所以如果他高高在上的话，那就必须依靠有人把球传给他，或阻止他成为孤立球员。
他站位越高，他就越不可能通过过人并传中来影响比赛，因为这样让他的位置太前。
如果来支援的队友比他慢，那么对于快速的球员来说，这实际上是一个问题。他们可能很难跟上他，他们很难及时的在禁区里面或周围出现。所以请留意边锋的站位是否太前。
如果是这样，请尝试使用策应角色。如果他不够高，那就用进攻角色。但是也要注意，他身边的支援球员。你需要注意，并确保他们之间正确地连接。

我英文翻译功力不太佳，
所以可能中文文中有些“用词不当”，所以大家大致明白个“大意”就好。

Mr_x`

好文章
值得好好研究一下啊

kpsia118

Lines and Diamonds: The Tactician's Handbook for Football Manager 2015

这个以前曾经粘过，放久了就忘记了必须复习一下。文章很长，不用通通看，但我想重点还是在以下几种原则。

THE PRINCIPLES OF ATTACK
1. Penetration: The principle of penetration instructs players to move the ball forward into space behind the lines of the opposition’s defence, usually by dribbling or passing.

2. Possession: The principle of possession instructs players to simply maintain control of the ball by holding it up or safely circulating it when lacking acceptable options to advance attacking play.

3. Depth: The principle of depth instructs players to spread out into varied positions from back to front in order to pin back, disrupt and create space between the lines of the opposition’s defence.

4. Width: The principle of width instructs players to spread out from side to side in order to advance the ball through space on the flanks and create space between opposition players.

5. Support: The principle of support instructs players to offer safe passing options from multiple angles to prevent isolation and allow quick circulation of the ball in any direction.

6. Mobility: The principle of mobility instructs players to move constantly and change positions to distract defenders and prevent them from maintaining a steady shape.

7. Improvisation: The principle of improvisation instructs players to play with flair and creativity to avoid becoming predictable and allowing the opposition defence to get into a comfortable rhythm.

攻击的原则
1.渗透：渗透原则要求球员将球移向对方防守线后方的空间，通常是运球或传球。

2.控球：控球原则要求球员在缺少可传球选项来进攻时，必须保持安全地控制球。

3.深度：深度原则要求球员从后到前分散到不同的位置，以便在对手的防守之间进行回击，破坏和创造空间。

4.宽度：宽度原则要求球员从一边到另一边传球，以通过侧面的空间推进球，并在对手之间创造空间。

5.支援：支援原则要求球员从多个角度提供安全的传球选项，以防止隔离，并允许任何方向的球快速循环。

6.流动性：流动性原则要求球员不断移动，改变位置以分散防御者的注意力，防止他们保持稳定的状态。

7.即兴创作：即兴创作的原则要求球员以天赋和创造力进行游戏，以避免变得可预测，并让对手的防守能够获得舒适的节奏。

THE PRINCIPLES OF DEFENCE
1. Delay: The principle of delay instructs the first defender directly engaging the player in possession of the ball to position himself to prevent a forward pass.

2. Pressure: The principle of pressure instructs defenders to attempt to prompt poor decision making from attackers by reducing the amount of time and space they’re afforded on the ball.

3. Compression: The principle of compression instructs defenders to get compact around the ball to deny space between the lines and prevent attackers from playing through the defence.

4. Balance: The principle of balance instructs defenders away from the ball to help maintain an effective shape and avoid exposing large gaps vulnerable to a change in direction by the attack.

5. Cover: The principle of cover instructs defenders to cut off passing options for the attacker in possession and protect space behind defenders stepping out to delay or pressure.

6. Consolidation: The principle of consolidation instructs defenders to recover positions in a narrow defensive shape to deny space for movement and penetration into areas in front of goal.

7. Restraint: The principle of restraint instructs defenders to avoid overcommitting to a challenge or moving out of position unnecessarily in response to a dangerous or unanticipated situation.

防御原则
1.延迟：延迟原则指示第一名防守者直接自我定位，拖延持有球员的球员，防止他进一步的传球。

2.压迫：压迫原则指示防守者试图通过减少攻击者持球时间或空间，来促使攻击者做出糟糕的决定。

3.压缩：压缩的原则指示防守者在球的周围变得紧凑，以防止线路之间的空间，并防止攻击者直塞身后球。

4.平衡：平衡的原则指示防守者帮助保持有效的队形，并避免防线暴露出大缺口。

5.掩护：掩护原则指示防守者切断拥球者的传球选项，并且保护后卫的空间不受拖延或压力。

6.巩固：巩固的原则指示后卫在狭窄的防守状态下恢复位置，以阻止对手移动和渗透到球门前的区域的空间。

7.克制：克制的原则指示防守者避免过度激进的应对危险，或在不曾预料的情况下，不必要地离开位置。

• 第一防守者=最靠近对手拥球者的任何防守方球员。
• 第二名防守者=最靠近第一防守者周围的队友。
  

拉里老板

你是不是想的比做游戏的人还多？{:16_715:}

kpsia118

拉里老板 发表于 2017-11-21 03:17
你是不是想的比做游戏的人还多？

什么地方多说来听听

adammario

好厉害啊  学习

alon6867

www.thecoachingmanual.com 楼主能否多介绍下这个网站？感觉上貌似主要针对的是现实足球而非FM？

kpsia118

alon6867 发表于 2017-11-21 12:51
www.thecoachingmanual.com 楼主能否多介绍下这个网站？感觉上貌似主要针对的是现实足球而非FM？

当然，那是类似“网络教练学院”。
我想中国国内应该也有类似“网络教育学院“的大学或学院。

FM就是模拟现实世界足球来制作的，虽然不能模拟100%。但他们的目标就是要尽力模拟。


thecoachingmanual，提到的一般阵型是“一般上常见的套路”。都可以在FM里模拟。

但问题在什么时候用？

我的体会是按局出招，像后场长吊打法。只能在当你看到AI玩高位压迫时用。AI防线越高，单刀成功率越大。但单刀后，进不进球要看球员个人因素。

上面你也会看到，边路进攻打法。他有教你这种打法如何布局。
但什么时候用，要靠你自己去“悟“。就是什么时候用这招最厉害，什么时候用这招会被限制

周杭ch_007

顶一下，楼主怀孕之后我再慢慢看

kpsia118

周杭ch_007 发表于 2017-11-21 16:01
顶一下，楼主怀孕之后我再慢慢看

这通通只是幼稚园基础的东西

dusk1982

不错 学习学习

aeolusbox

身為同好幫頂
只不過這些大部分之前看你文章跟你切磋的時候都知道了
個人認為這代戰術表達跟真實性高上一代不少
不知道你怎麼認為?

kpsia118

aeolusbox 发表于 2017-11-21 17:33
身為同好幫頂
只不過這些大部分之前看你文章跟你切磋的時候都知道了
個人認為這代戰術表達跟真實性高上一 ...

是的，目前我在摸索应付“AI低防线”的打法。

低位防线，比高位难很多。每次看到AI打高位就特别高兴，因为这最容易。高位防线的漏洞比较明显。
低位必须探索如何牵引AI的后卫群，又或者如何把他们往高位拖。
很伤脑筋

aeolusbox

kpsia118 发表于 2017-11-21 17:44
是的，目前我在摸索应付“AI低防线”的打法。

低位防线，比高位难很多。每次看到AI打高位就特别高兴 ...

低位防線我個人會選擇以下幾個選項(我是阿森納第一季只補強兩三個人奪冠+歐聯冠軍)
保持控球+靈活跑位+給我輪流插上 取消把球做入禁區
然後我本身常駐節奏是快(多一格)
防守區域短傳出球也會取消(原本有先點)

概念大概是這樣 保持控球代表更耐心不隨便直塞
取消把球做入禁區更是減少這個機會
另外低防線等於對方禁區人多
點這個會造成更多喪失球權
還不如讓球員在適當時後遠射
防守區域短傳取消則是讓對方中場喪失球權之後更直接的給前場
造成反擊加拉扯
靈活跑位則是藉由跑動去牽引對手陣型
必要時後將心態從控場拉到進攻

陣型是4231拉邊

kpsia118

aeolusbox 发表于 2017-11-21 17:50
低位防線我個人會選擇以下幾個選項(我是阿森納第一季只補強兩三個人奪冠+歐聯冠軍)
保持控球+靈活跑位+ ...

这还是得经过实战测试。

我找到一篇文，我们看看如果是“现实真教练”，他们遇到这种对手他们怎么办。

英文全文版：
Coach A Team To Beat A Low Defensive Block

课程目标：

了解个别角色位置的具体作用和决策，用来突破防线包括;

1）在防守区块之外转移（中后场横传，拉扯防线）

2）下底横传球，（边路进攻）

3）直接进入/通过防守区块，

4）越过防守区块，（高球直吊）

5）注意被反击的威胁，如果突破失败，必须马上延迟对手攻击，和保持防守形态。

1) Playing across the block



2) Playing around the block



3) Playing into/through the block



4) Playing over the block




只转图片，文字解说就不翻译了。

kaiser0

太棒了~~~~~~